We summarize discoveries and inventions awarded by Nobel prizes in the field of microelectronics dominating the 20th century and in nanoscience of 21st century. Autobiography data of laureates, their experience and opinions published frankly in their Nobel lectures expose the roads of genuine science. Education from a top university and cooperation with an excellent supervisor are the basic preconditions. The research topic must be original, curiosity, persistence, concentration and a good luck play a decisive roles. The rewards are excitement and a world visibility.