The contribution in the introductory part "Physics and experiment" deals with the significance of experiment in building the physics as the science of the real world. The second part focuses on real experiments in physics education, which should be built on the fundamental experiments. Real experiments in physics education have a triple meaning: cognitive, motivational and contributing significantly to the development of fine motorics (in the laboratory exercises). The third part of the contribution is devoted to an experimental problem in the Physics Olympiad. Here you can observe the opposite trend than in the general teaching of physics - Experimental role playing an increasingly important role in the competition. We see this especially in the International Physics Olympiad, which is often a difficult experimental problem, whose solution requires skills in addition to the required dose of invention. The article gives 21 examples of advanced experimental tasks for the International Physics Olympiad. At the end is summarized the importance of experiment as the science subject and the subject of teaching.