It deals with problems connected with an application of elements of contemporary physics science in problems of the International Physics Olympiad (IPhO). Regarding theoretical problems it is the fact that secondary school students do not often know necessary physical and mathematical relations (they must be presented). As for experimental problems organizers are limited to a great number of devices that must be built. For this reason the problems when a participant is able to manage with limited aids. In the second part there are twenty seven examples how organizers are successful in an application of contemporary science in problems of the IPhO.